Field Training — Strategic Decision-Making Model

The SDM.
How to Think
On a Property Visit.

This is not a test. This is how you build the habit. Read each module, understand the principle, recognize it in the field. The same model runs every time — same scene, same result.

Where This Came From

Phoenix Regional SOP M.P. 201.01 is the Strategic Decision-Making Model used on every fire department emergency incident. Arrive. Size up. Identify critical factors. Make the call — offensive or defensive. Execute the plan. Forecast what's coming next.

The same model applies to every property visit. The stakes are different. The structure is the same. Skilled trades work is not guesswork — it's a repeatable decision process. The tech who runs it consistently, runs it profitably.

Arrive Size Up Critical Factors Strategic Decision Offensive: Contract or Defensive: Walk Away
01
Arrive — First Impressions Run Both Ways
Professional presence is the first signal. The customer is already sizing you up.

You pull up to a property and the clock starts — not when you ring the doorbell, but when your truck appears on the street. The customer sees your vehicle, your appearance, and the way you move before a word is said. That first impression sets the tone for whether this becomes a contract or a wasted hour.

The principle: Every arrival is a presentation. Branded vehicle, clean appearance, confidence — these signal that you are a professional service company, not a guy in a pickup. That credibility makes the contract easier to close before you've said a word about price.

What You're Doing When You Arrive

Park professionally — not blocking, not rushed
Introduce yourself by name and company
Ask one question before anything else: "Can you walk me through what you're seeing?"
Listen completely before you start sizing up the system
Don't start diagnosing before you understand what they called about
Don't quote anything until you've completed the size-up
Field Example
Tech pulls up to a property. Homeowner is standing in the driveway, clearly frustrated, arms crossed. Before the tech is out of the truck the homeowner says "finally, I've been waiting all week."
Note the attitude — it's a critical factor to assess immediately. Don't react to it. Acknowledge it professionally: "I understand — let's walk the system and get you taken care of." This is already the size-up beginning.
The SDM starts before the first handshake. Every piece of information from arrival forward feeds the critical factor assessment. Nothing is ignored.
02
Size Up — Full Picture Before Any Commitment
Walk the entire property. Identify every issue. Understand what you're dealing with before you price anything.

The size-up is not a quick glance at the reported problem. It's a systematic walk of the entire property or system — identifying what is critical, what is not, and what will affect scope, time, and pricing. On a fire scene, the incident commander sizes up the building before committing the crew. Same principle here.

The principle: You cannot accurately price work you haven't fully seen. A tech who commits to a price before completing the size-up will undercharge on the jobs with hidden complexity — and lose the company money on every one of them. The size-up protects the contract.

What You're Looking For

Where is the main shut-off? Controller? Backflow?
How many zones? Can you run each one?
Is there access to the valve boxes? Flooded? Overgrown?
Are there any conditions that would require a multiplier?
Is the full scope of the reported issue visible and diagnosable?
Are there any secondary issues the customer hasn't mentioned?

The Multiplier Decision Lives Here

This is where you identify access issues, unusual conditions, or custom work that adds time inside the slot. A flooded valve box on a 1-hour repair is still a 1-hour slot — the digging just made it a harder hour, and the multiplier prices that. You identify it in the size-up, price it into the contract, and the customer sees one number. No surprises. No renegotiating mid-job.

Know the boundary: the multiplier handles complications within a slot. If the complication means the job needs more time than the slot holds, that's not a multiplier — that's the next slot up. Round up first, multiply second.

Conditions that raise the multiplier
→ Flooded or buried valve box
→ Elevated fixture requiring ladder
→ Heavily overgrown access point
→ Non-standard or custom equipment
→ Multi-step diagnostic required
Multiplier scale
×1.0 — Standard scope
×1.25 — Minor access or complexity
×1.5 — Moderate complication
×1.75 — Significant added time
×2.0 — Stop. It was never this slot. Bid the next slot up.
Never price the job before you've walked the full property. If you're at the door and the homeowner asks "how much?" — your answer is: "Let me take a quick look at the system and I'll have a number for you in a few minutes."
2A
The Slot — What You're Actually Selling
You're not estimating hours. You're selling a slot on your own calendar. One rule makes the whole system work.

Every labor package is a time slot, not a time estimate. When you bid a job, you're committing a piece of your day — and the slot covers the whole commitment: the estimate trip that already happened, the load-out, the drive, the work, the pack-out, the customer calls, the paperwork. A "one hour job" was never one hour. The slot already knows that.

The principle: Four hours of wrench time that eats your day is a day — and you bid it that way. On T&M, the company bills the wrench and eats everything around it. On slots, the price carries the whole job, and your schedule board tells the truth at 6am.

The One Rule: Round Up. Always.

The bid convention
→ 30–45 min of work → 1-hour slot
→ 1.5–1.75 hrs → 2-hour slot
→ Over 2 hrs → half-day slot
→ Work that eats the day → full-day slot
→ Finish early? Call the office — add a smaller slot to the day
Why honest bidding pays YOU
→ Over-bid a small job and you shrink your own day — fewer slots fit, less sold, smaller check
→ Under-bid a big one and you blow up the board and eat the overrun
→ Bid it straight and the day fills right — honest is the best-paying move
Nobody polices this. The math does. Your commission comes from what your day sells over what your day costs — a badly-bid day costs you before it costs the company.
03
Critical Factors — Three Things That Determine the Outcome
Customer. Trade awareness. Request for service. These three tell you whether to proceed or walk away.

After the size-up, you have information. Now you assess three critical factors that determine the strategic decision. These are not a checklist you complete in order — they're running simultaneously during every interaction. You're always processing all three.

The principle: On an emergency scene, the incident commander identifies the factors most likely to change the outcome — and focuses decision-making there. In the trades, these three factors determine whether you have a profitable contract or a situation you should walk away from.

Factor 1 — Customer

Available and engaged? Or difficult to reach during the visit?
Attitude: cooperative, neutral, or already combative?
Are you talking to the decision-maker? (Owner, tenant, property manager?)
Are they on the same page with what needs to happen?
Is peace of mind established — do they trust you?
A customer who won't engage, won't make a decision, or is already arguing before the contract is signed is a defensive trigger. The job isn't worth taking — it will cost the company time, reputation, or both.

Factor 2 — Trade Awareness

Do you understand the system you're working on?
Can you walk the full system in under 5 minutes?
Can you isolate the issue and identify the root cause?
Is the system accessible and safe to work on?
Don't commit to a job scope you can't fully see or diagnose

Factor 3 — Request for Service

Is the scope of work clearly defined?
Can you create a plan right now, or does it need a follow-up visit?
Is the request within your normal scope of work?
Can you quote and close today, or schedule a separate work date?
Field Example — All Three Running Simultaneously
Tech is on a property. Customer is engaged and cooperative (Customer ✓). The valve system is accessible and the issue is a cracked manifold, clearly diagnosable (Trade Awareness ✓). The customer wants the repair done today and has approved a written quote (Request ✓).
All three critical factors are green. Proceed to strategic decision — offensive. Build the contract.
04
Strategic Decision — Offensive or Defensive
One clear question: can we do profitable business with this customer, on this job, right now?

After sizing up the property and assessing the three critical factors, you make one decision: do we do business, or do we not? Offensive means you proceed — build the contract, perform the work, earn the commission. Defensive means you decline — professionally, without explanation, and without apology.

The principle: On a fire scene, "defensive" means you don't put crews inside a structure that isn't survivable. That's not failure — that's protecting the crew. In the trades, declining a job that will cost the company money, time, or reputation is the right call. Defensive is a profitable decision.

Offensive — When All Three Factors Are Green

Customer is aligned, cooperative, and is the decision-maker
System is diagnosable, accessible, and within your scope
Scope is defined and can be priced and contracted today
Offensive → Assign the labor package. Apply any multiplier. Add materials at markup. Present the contract. This is where commission is earned.

Defensive — When Any Factor Has a Problem

Customer is combative, unavailable, or not the decision-maker
System cannot be diagnosed, accessed, or safely worked on
Scope cannot be defined or the request is outside normal work
Price will not be accepted and negotiation has started
Defensive → "I appreciate your time. This isn't something we're able to help with today." Clean exit. Protect the company's time, reputation, and the next customer who is a good fit.
Field Example — Defensive Decision
Tech is on a property. Customer wants a full system replacement but won't stop negotiating the price before the contract is even written. "Other companies quoted me less." Tech is 45 minutes in and no contract has been signed.
Defensive. The customer factor is a clear negative — alignment is gone. This job, even if it gets signed, will involve callbacks, disputes, or a poor review. Exit professionally. Move to the next job.
05
Contract & Profit — The Objective
Assign the package. Price the materials. Close the contract. This is what every step has been building toward.

The offensive decision leads here. You've sized up the property, assessed the critical factors, and decided to proceed. Now you build the contract correctly — every time, the same way. The labor package covers overhead, profit, and tech commission. Materials are separate. The total is the total.

The principle: A profitable objective is one where overhead is covered, net profit is achieved, and the tech earns their commission. All three have to be true. If the job is priced below burden rate, it's not a profitable objective — it's overhead eating into the company's margin.

Every Package Price Has Two Floors — One of Them Is Yours

The price on your book wasn't pulled from the air. Under it sit two lines. The company floor covers every dollar the company spends to put you on the road — truck, insurance, overhead, profit target, all of it. The tech floor sits above that: it's what the same package has to sell for your commission check to reach a real career number for the year. The price was set above both.

That's why the checklist below says never negotiate the labor package. Knock $50 off a package and you didn't discount the company — the company's floor gets covered first. You discounted the gap. The gap is your check.

Where Your Commission Actually Comes From

Your day has a cost — the daily rate. Everything your day sells over that rate is commissionable, and 60% of it comes back to the crew (the company keeps 40%). Multiple techs on a crew split the 60%. So a full, honestly-bid board isn't the company's win — it's the check. Beat the daily rate by more, and every dollar past it splits the same way.

Building the Contract

Select the labor package that matches the scope (SC, A, B, C, or D)
Apply any multiplier identified during size-up (×1.0 through ×1.75)
Add materials at your markup — always separate from labor
Present the total as one number — no line-item labor breakdown to the customer
Get a signature before work begins
Never negotiate the labor package price — the company's floor gets paid first, so the discount comes out of your check
Never adjust the scope down without adjusting the package down

Forecast Loop — The SDM Doesn't Stop

New information changes the size-up. An offensive job can become defensive mid-visit if conditions change — the scope grows beyond what was priced, the customer changes the ask, or a hidden problem makes the job unprofitable at the quoted price. The SDM is always running. Offensive can always go defensive if the facts change.

Profitable Objective Achieved
✓ Overhead covered (burden rate met)
✓ Net profit target hit
✓ Tech commission earned — the day sold past the daily rate, and 60% of that gap is the crew's
✓ Contract signed before work begins
Commission Connection
Labor sales above quota = commissionable
Crew splits 60% above the quota line
Every contract the tech closes moves the crew closer to their commission
The SDM is how the commission is earned
"Same model. Different scene. Same results." — This is the SDM. Every property visit, the same process, the same decision structure, the same outcome. Consistent techs run consistent revenue. Consistent revenue builds a business you can scale.

"Same model. Different scene. Same results."

Phoenix Regional SOP M.P. 201.01 · Strategic Decision-Making Model · adapted for the trades
Robert Kemp · Captain, Phoenix Fire Dept · 18 yrs residential contractor · Founder, Blue Collar Pay

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